RO Membrane Provides Two Distinct Water Treatment Processes:

First, it is the ultimate mechanical filter, or ultrafilter, straining out virtually all particulate matter, turbidity, bacteria, microorganisms, asbestos-even single molecules of the heavier organics. To appreciate the fineness of this ultrafilter, its pores are on the order of .0005 microns or .0000002 (two ten-millionths) of an inch! That's smaller than can be seen by the best optical microscopes.

Second, it removes dissolved impurities (e.g. mineral salts, toxic metals) - those even smaller than the water molecules themselves - by a remarkable phenomenon known as Reverse Osmosis (RO). With RO, the membrane is said to reject these impurities by repelling them from its surface. It is, however permeable to the water molecules so that they diffuse through in a pure state and collect on the opposite side to make the product water.

RO's Claim to Fame

Reverse Osmosis membrane is able to remove and reject a wide spectrum of impurities from water and do it with very minimal energy usage. In fact, it just requires water pressure. Except for distillation, RO is the only known process which can effectively remove the following types of impurities.

1. Particulate matter, turbidity, sediment 2. Colloidal Matter 3. Total Dissolved Solids 4. Toxic Metals 5. Radioactive elements

6. Microorganisms 7. Fluoride/fluorine 8. Asbestos 9. Pesticides and Herbicides 10. Heavier organic molecules (MW>300)

Ultrafiltration/Reverse Osmosis System Design

Because Reverse Osmosis does not thoroughly remove the lighter, low molecular weight volatile organics such as THM's, TCE, chlorine and it's by products, (they are too small to be removed by the straining action of the ultrafiltration ability of the membrane and not chemically suitable to be repelled by the membrane surface), it is important they be removed by a carbon filter added to the RO system. Combining RO and carbon filtration in a soundly designed purification system, compliments & enhances the actions of both and is an ideal formula for removing the entire spectrum of contaminants.